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Photovoltaic (PV)

Photovoltaics convert sunlight into electricity — enabling decentralized energy supply, self-consumption, and CO₂ savings for businesses and industry.

Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) refers to the direct conversion of sunlight into electrical energy using solar cells. PV systems are one of the most important technologies for renewable energy generation and form the foundation of many decentralized electricity supply solutions.

How it works

Solar cells — usually made of silicon — convert incoming sunlight into direct current (DC). An inverter then converts this electricity into grid-compatible alternating current (AC).

The generated electricity can be:

  • used directly on-site (self-consumption)
  • stored in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
  • fed into the public electricity grid

The capacity of a PV system is expressed in kilowatt-peak (kWp), which indicates the maximum output under standardized test conditions.

Typical applications

Commercial rooftop installations with self-consumption optimization
• Combination with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to increase self-sufficiency
Ground-mounted PV plants for grid feed-in or electricity trading
Tenant electricity and energy community models
• Power supply for off-grid systems

Key figures

System size (kWp): maximum potential output under optimal conditions
Energy yield (kWh/year): depends on location, orientation, and weather conditions
Self-consumption rate: share of PV electricity used directly on-site
Payback period: time required for the system to become economically profitable
CO₂ savings: environmental benefit compared to electricity from the grid mix

Summary

Photovoltaics is a proven, cost-efficient, and scalable technology for sustainable electricity generation. In combination with battery storage and intelligent energy management, PV systems become a key component of self-sufficient, resilient, and economically efficient energy solutions for both companies and households.